| Lithium Metal Electroplating Kinetics in Porous Anodes for Lithium-Reservoir-Free Solid-State Batteries |
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Se Hwan Park |
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School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kookmin University, 02707, Seoul, Korea |
Correspondence:
Se Hwan Park,
Email: Sehwan.park@kookmin.ac.kr
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Received: 31 August 2026 • Accepted: 2 September 2026 |
| Abstract |
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Li-reservoir-free (anode-free) solid-state batteries store no excess Li, so the cell can exhibit high energy density compared to Li ion batteries, but cycle life is determined by the reversibility of Li plating and stripping. Because the cathode is the only Li source, an average Coulombic efficiency short of 100% causes rapid capacity fade, and inhomogeneous plating compounds the loss by leaving metal as electrochemically inactive dead Li. The porous-host strategies developed over a decade for liquid-electrolyte cells cannot be applied directly to solid-state batteries, and the obstacle lies in the plating mechanism itself. In a liquid cell the electrolyte permeates the host, and Li is reduced at interior surfaces regardless of architecture, whereas in a solid cell most Li ions reach only the electrolyte surface and the rigid electrolyte can neither deliver ions inward nor reflow to fill the volume that plating creates. Filling a porous solid-state host with Li metal is mainly a mechanical deformation problem. The evidence from pore-size-dependent deposition, host-chemistry trends, and direct in-situ imaging identifies diffusional Coble creep as the main mechanism of Li transport. This review surveys both the studies that resolved Li transport kinetics in porous anodes and the architectures built on them. |
| Keywords:
Li-Reservoir-Free Battery, Solid-State Battery, Anode, Mechanical deformation, Li metal |
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