| Thermal Evaporation-Assisted Fabrication of All-Hybrid 3D/3D Tandem Perovskite Layer for Efficient and Stable Solar Cells |
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Hee Jeong Jeong1, Nasrin Siraj Lopa1, Yeon Woo Seok1, Satoshi Uchida3, Tae Woong Kim1,2 |
1Department of Energy Materials Science & Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungcheongbuk-do 27478, Republic of Korea
2Center for Science and Technology Convergence Research, Konkuk University, Chungcheongbuk-do 27478, Republic of Korea
3Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153 8904, Japan |
Correspondence:
Tae Woong Kim,
Email: taewoongkim@kku.ac.kr
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Received: 30 July 2026 • Accepted: 9 September 2026
*Hee Jeong Jeong, Nasrin Siraj Lopa and Yeon Woo Seok contributed equally to this study as co-first authors. |
| Abstract |
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This study presents a novel fabrication strategy for an all-hybrid 3D/3D tandem perovskite layer (TPL) to improve the efficiency and stability of single-junction perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The TPL consists of a solution-processed FAPbI3 bottom layer and an FAPbI2.5Br0.5 top layer formed via a hybrid thermal evaporation/spin-coating process. The TPL thickness was precisely controlled by varying the thickness of the co-evaporated PbI1.5Br0.5 layer deposited on FAPbI3, with an optimal thickness of 100 nm producing high-quality crystalline films. The optimized TPL-based PSC achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.53%, representing a 6.66% enhancement over the conventional FAPbI3 device (18.31%), despite employing only about two-thirds of the absorber thickness. Moreover, the device retained nearly 100% of its initial PCE after 140 h of storage under ambient conditions, demonstrating substantially improved stability compared with the conventional PSC. |
| Keywords:
Perovskite solar cells, tandem perovskite layer, thermal evaporation, high efficiency, improved stability |
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