Temperature-Engineered MnO/Mn₃O₄/C Composites Derived from DMAc for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

Park, Hae Woong; Ahn, Hyo-Jun; Roh, Kwang Chul

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J. Electrochem. Sci. Technol > Accepted Articles

Research Article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33961/jecst.2025.00892 [Accepted]
Published online December 17, 2025.

Temperature-Engineered MnO/Mn₃O₄/C Composites Derived from DMAc for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

Hae Woong Park^1,2, Hyo-Jun Ahn³, Kwang Chul Roh¹

¹Climate and Energy Research Group, R&D Innovation Headquarters, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, 101 sohoro, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52851, Republic of Korea
²Department of Materials Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52828, Republic of Korea
³Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52828, Republic of Korea

Correspondence: Kwang Chul Roh, Tel: +82-55-792-2625, Fax: +82-55-792-2643,
Email: rkc@kicet.re.kr

Received: 22 September 2025 • Accepted: 17 December 2025

Abstract

Mixed-valence MnO/Mn₃O₄/carbon (MnO/Mn₃O₄/C) composites were synthesized via a one-step solvothermal process followed by thermal annealing, utilizing N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as a dual-function solvent and in-situ carbon source. By precisely tuning the annealing temperature, the structural and electrochemical properties of the resulting composites were optimized. Notably, the sample annealed at 500 °C (Mn–N5) exhibited a balanced Mn2⁺/Mn3⁺ ratio, abundant oxygen vacancies, and a conductive sp²-rich carbon framework. These features collectively enhanced lithium-ion diffusion, electron transport, and mechanical integrity. As an anode material, Mn–N5 delivered a high reversible capacity of 861 mAh g^⁻1 at 0.2 A g^⁻1, retained 309 mAh g^⁻1 at 2 A g^⁻1, and maintained 473 mAh g^⁻1 after 1000 cycles at 0.5 A g^⁻1. Kinetic analysis and impedance spectroscopy confirmed improved charge transfer and pseudocapacitive behavior, driven by the synergistic effects of the heterostructured MnO_x and carbon network. These results demonstrate a scalable and cost-effective strategy for engineering high-performance Mn-based anodes suitable for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.

Keywords: Anode, N,N-dimethylacetamide, Manganese Oxides, Solvothermal, Mixed